Investigating agencies have made several significant revelations regarding the recent incidents of IED (Improvised Explosive Device) and grenade blasts in Punjab. Preliminary investigations have revealed that these incidents were not merely the work of local criminals, but involved the active involvement of Pakistan-backed terror modules, Khalistani networks, and criminal-gangster syndicates. The organizations most frequently implicated in these cases reportedly include Babbar Khalsa International, the Khalistan Liberation Army, and various ISI-backed modules. According to the investigating agencies, several handlers were operating from abroad—specifically from Pakistan, Malaysia, Germany, and Portugal—and were facilitating the delivery of weapons and explosives through social media, encrypted chat platforms, and drone supply chains. Investigations conducted by the Punjab Police also revealed that, in several instances, gangster networks and radical modules were collaborating. Some of the accused individuals were also found to have links with the Lawrence Bishnoi gang. Furthermore, investigations into the grenade attacks in Jalandhar and Chandigarh indicated that the perpetrators were acting under the direct instructions of foreign-based handlers. Regarding the investigative process, the Punjab Police undertook multi-pronged actions: incident sites were immediately cordoned off; forensic science teams collected samples of explosive materials; CCTV footage was thoroughly scrutinized; dog squads and bomb disposal units were deployed; and mobile location data, social media chats, and funding trails were meticulously tracked. Investigations into drone supply routes were also conducted; in many cases, CCTV footage and digital tracking proved to be the most crucial tools in identifying and apprehending the accused. In the Jalandhar blast case, CCTV footage captured a suspicious individual fleeing the scene, which subsequently enabled the police to trace and dismantle his entire network. In addition to the Punjab Police, several other agencies are actively collaborating on these investigations.

The agencies involved include the Punjab Police, the National Investigation Agency (NIA), the State Special Operations Cell (SSOC), the Counter-Intelligence Wing, the Railway Police and RPF, the Forensic Department, and various Central Intelligence Agencies. In certain cases, the NIA directly took over the investigation, as the threads of the explosions appeared to lead back to international networks and terrorist organizations. How did investigative agencies track down the accused? The police employed a variety of techniques: phone data from accused individuals—whether deceased or arrested—was recovered; bank transactions and *hawala* channels were scrutinized; and the routes taken by weapons delivered via drones were identified. Following the interrogation of arrested suspects, caches of weapons were recovered, and inter-state operations were conducted. In one specific case, an RPG, RDX, hand grenades, and foreign-made pistols were recovered based on leads provided by the brother of an accused individual. This breakthrough provided investigative agencies with crucial insights into the entire module. What lies ahead? The agencies' current focus centers on the following key areas: identifying foreign handlers; confirming links to the ISI; exposing the drone supply network; identifying active sleeper cells within Punjab; dismantling the nexus between gangsters and terrorists; and monitoring individuals propagating radicalization through social media. Security agencies believe that the spate of grenade and IED attacks occurring in Punjab was orchestrated with the objective of sowing fear and creating instability within the state. Consequently, security has been significantly bolstered in sensitive areas, along railway tracks, and around police establishments and security installations.